2,249 research outputs found
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Afscheidscollege van Prof.Dr. A. Staal uitgesproken op 1 februari 199
A Simple Algorithm for Estimating Distribution Parameters from -Dimensional Randomized Binary Responses
Randomized response is attractive for privacy preserving data collection
because the provided privacy can be quantified by means such as differential
privacy. However, recovering and analyzing statistics involving multiple
dependent randomized binary attributes can be difficult, posing a significant
barrier to use. In this work, we address this problem by identifying and
analyzing a family of response randomizers that change each binary attribute
independently with the same probability. Modes of Google's Rappor randomizer as
well as applications of two well-known classical randomized response methods,
Warner's original method and Simmons' unrelated question method, belong to this
family. We show that randomizers in this family transform multinomial
distribution parameters by an iterated Kronecker product of an invertible and
bisymmetric matrix. This allows us to present a simple and
efficient algorithm for obtaining unbiased maximum likelihood parameter
estimates for -way marginals from randomized responses and provide
theoretical bounds on the statistical efficiency achieved. We also describe the
efficiency - differential privacy tradeoff. Importantly, both randomization of
responses and the estimation algorithm are simple to implement, an aspect
critical to technologies for privacy protection and security.Comment: Accepted at Information Security - 21th International Conference, ISC
2018. Adapted to meet article length requirements. Fixed typo. Results
unchange
Functional Analytic Multisensory Environmental Therapy for People with Dementia
This paper introduces Functional Analytic Multisensory Environmental Therapy (FAMSET) for use with elders with dementia while using a multisensory environment/snoezelen room. The model introduces behavioral theory and practice to the multisensory environment treatment, addressing assessment, and, within session techniques, integrating behavioral interventions with emotion-oriented care. A modular approach is emphasized to delineate different treatment phases for multisensory environment therapy. The aim of the treatment is to provide a safe and effective framework for reducing the behavioral disturbance of the disease process, increasing elder well-being, and to promote transfer of positive effects to other environments outside of the multisensory treatment room
CATTLE AS ASSETS: ASSESSMENT OF NON-MARKET BENEFITS FROM CATTLE IN SMALLHOLDER KENYAN CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS
This paper uses data from a survey of two hundred and fifty cattle households in three cattle keeping systems; intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems to estimate the value of non-market, socio-economic benefits of cattle in Kenya. These benefits of cattle keeping are of special importance in developing countries, where financial markets function poorly and opportunities for risk management through formal insurance generally absent. However, when estimating the total contribution of livestock, these non-market functions are often ignored since they are difficult to value, yet they may contribute to a better understanding of livestock production systems. The use of contingent valuation method is employed in this study to elicit these non-market values. Econometric estimations are then used to assess the factors influencing the non-market benefits function. The results indicate that these benefits are highly valued by cattle keepers and comprise approximately 20% of the animal's total value across the three systems. They are influenced by various production system and household related factors. Implications for policy are drawn.Livestock Production/Industries, QQ112, QQ118, DD223,
How motifs condition critical thresholds for tipping cascades in complex networks: Linking Micro- to Macro-scales
In this study, we investigate how specific micro interaction structures
(motifs) affect the occurrence of tipping cascades on networks of stylized
tipping elements. We compare the properties of cascades in Erd\"os-R\'enyi
networks and an exemplary moisture recycling network of the Amazon rainforest.
Within these networks, decisive small-scale motifs are the feed forward loop,
the secondary feed forward loop, the zero loop and the neighboring loop.
Of all motifs, the feed forward loop motif stands out in tipping cascades
since it decreases the critical coupling strength necessary to initiate a
cascade more than the other motifs. We find that for this motif, the reduction
of critical coupling strength is 11% less than the critical coupling of a pair
of tipping elements. For highly connected networks, our analysis reveals that
coupled feed forward loops coincide with a strong 90% decrease of the critical
coupling strength.
For the highly clustered moisture recycling network in the Amazon, we observe
regions of very high motif occurrence for each of the four investigated motifs
suggesting that these regions are more vulnerable. The occurrence of motifs is
found to be one order of magnitude higher than in a random Erd\"os-R\'enyi
network.
This emphasizes the importance of local interaction structures for the
emergence of global cascades and the stability of the network as a whole
Dairy development for the resource poor. Part 3: Pakistan and India dairy development case studies
The process of dairy development that this study addresses is driven by underlying
fundamental changes in economic growth, the value of resources and consumer
demand. However, it is also shaped by public policies, interventions and investment
decisions and will be accompanied by changes in impact on incomes, opportunities
and livelihoods of producers and changes in opportunities and returns for market
agents and investors. This study examines dairy development in two key dairy
producing regions in the developing world: East Africa and South Asia. The aim of the
study is to analyse the trends in dairy development in these two regions and identify
their key determinants, to analyse the impact of policy interventions on those trends
and to identify impacts of dairy development, particularly on the poor.
The study is reported in three parts: Part 1 presents a conceptual framework for dairy
development, followed by a section presenting a regional analysis of dairy
development trends across all the countries in the two regions and a synthesis of the
outcomes of the case study analyses (see below), highlighting implications for policy
interventions and investment, including proposing a model for pro-poor dairy
development. Parts 2 and 3 consist of in-depth case studies and analyses of dairy
development trends, determinants and outcomes in Kenya and Ethiopia (Part 2) and
India and Pakistan (Part 3 – this report)
Dairy development for the resource poor. Part 2: Kenya and Ethiopia. Dairy development case studies
The process of dairy development that this study addresses is driven by underlying
fundamental changes in economic growth, the value of resources and consumer
demand. However, it is also shaped by public policies, interventions and investment
decisions and will be accompanied by changes in impact on incomes, opportunities
and livelihoods of producers and changes in opportunities and returns for market
agents and investors. This study examines dairy development in two key dairy
producing regions in the developing world: East Africa and South Asia. The aim of the
study is to analyse the trends in dairy development in these two regions and identify
their key determinants, to analyse the impact of policy interventions on those trends
and to identify impacts of dairy development, particularly on the poor.
The study is reported in three parts: Part 1 presents a conceptual framework for dairy
development, followed by a section presenting a regional analysis of dairy
development trends across all the countries in the two regions and a synthesis of the
outcomes of the case study analyses (see below), highlighting implications for policy
interventions and investment, including proposing a model for pro-poor dairy
development. Parts 2 and 3 consist of in-depth case studies and analyses of dairy
development trends, determinants and outcomes in Kenya and Ethiopia (Part 2 – this
report) and India and Pakistan (Part 3)
Dynamics of Tipping Cascades on Complex Networks
Tipping points occur in diverse systems in various disciplines such as
ecology, climate science, economy or engineering. Tipping points are critical
thresholds in system parameters or state variables at which a tiny perturbation
can lead to a qualitative change of the system. Many systems with tipping
points can be modeled as networks of coupled multistable subsystems, e.g.
coupled patches of vegetation, connected lakes, interacting climate tipping
elements or multiscale infrastructure systems. In such networks, tipping events
in one subsystem are able to induce tipping cascades via domino effects. Here,
we investigate the effects of network topology on the occurrence of such
cascades. Numerical cascade simulations with a conceptual dynamical model for
tipping points are conducted on Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi, Watts-Strogatz and
Barab\'asi-Albert networks. Additionally, we generate more realistic networks
using data from moisture-recycling simulations of the Amazon rainforest and
compare the results to those obtained for the model networks. We furthermore
use a directed configuration model and a stochastic block model which preserve
certain topological properties of the Amazon network to understand which of
these properties are responsible for its increased vulnerability. We find that
clustering and spatial organization increase the vulnerability of networks and
can lead to tipping of the whole network. These results could be useful to
evaluate which systems are vulnerable or robust due to their network topology
and might help to design or manage systems accordingly.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure
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